云南省西双版纳州1992-2011年家鼠鼠疫流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of the house rat plague during 1992 to 2011 in Xishuangbanna

目的分析西双版纳州1992-2011年家鼠鼠疫流行特征和趋势,为制订防控策略及预警提供依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对1992-2011年鼠疫监测和鼠疫疫源地的调查资料进行分析。结果 1992-2011年西双版纳州共发生鼠疫疫情34起,鼠疫疫情除1994、1995、2002、2006年和2008-2011年未发生外,其他年份均有疫情发生;20年间从染疫动物和媒介昆虫体内分离鼠疫菌225株,20年间共发生人间鼠疫3起,报告病例15例,无死亡病例;7～8月为流行季节,主要传染源为黄胸鼠,传播媒介为印鼠客蚤。结论西双版纳州鼠疫疫情态势严峻,鼠疫已向城镇人口密集处蔓延,应加大防控力度,加强重点地区监测和预警,落实联防联控的综合防控措施,以减少和控制鼠疫的流行。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and tendency of house rat plague in Xishuangbanna state during 1992 to 2011 and provide basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and early warning.Method Adopting descriptive epidemiological method to analysis plague monitoring date and epidemic focus investigation date.Results From 1992 to 2011,total of 34 plague cases were reported in Xishuangbanna,epidemic cases were reported in every year except 1994,1995,2002,2006 and 2008 to 2011.Total of 20 strains were isolated from infected animals and insect vectors and 3 human plague events were reported in the past 20 years,15 cases were reported,no death case.July to August were the popular seasons,the main infection source was rattus flavipectus,xenopsylla cheopis was the vehicle.Conclusions Plague epidemic situation of Xishuangbanna state was serious,plague had spreaded to the population concentrated place of urban.We should to enhance the prevention and control power,strengthen the monitoring and early warning of the key areas,implement the comprehensive prevention and control measures,in order to reduce and control the spread of the plague.