门诊破伤风抗毒素合理用药分析

Analysis of rational use of tetanus antitoxin in outpatients

目的了解破伤风抗毒素注射液在门诊的临床使用情况,改进用药不合理环节,促进临床合理用药。方法随机抽取该院2011年1—6月门诊362例使用破伤风抗毒素患者处方,并对患者整个用药过程包括决定用药方案、调剂、给药及用药监测等环节进行调查、统计、分析。结果 362例患者,年龄1~84岁,其中小于或等于10岁患者31例（8.56%）;诊断明确为皮肤擦伤等表浅外伤47例（12.98%）,其他开放性创伤315例（87.02%）;按患者受伤距离就诊日期计算,受伤后24 h内到院就诊给药者353例（97.51%）;共有359例联合使用抗菌药物（99.17%）,其中与头孢类药物联用最多（83.70%）;过敏反应发生率为3.04%。结论临床存在破伤风抗毒素注射液不合理使用现象,有必要开展面向医生、药师、护士的合理用药教育。

Objective To analyze the clinical use status of tetanus antitoxin in outpatients for improving irrational link of medication and promoting clinical rational drug use.Methods The outpatient prescriptions of tetanus antitoxin were selected randomly in our hospital from January to June 2011 for survey and statistical analysis of the total medication process including the medication regimens,adjusting,administration and medication monitoring.Results Among 362 cases,with age of 1-84 years old 31 cases（8.56%） were ≤10 years old.47 cases（12.98%） were diagnosed surface trauma,and 315 cases（87.02%） were diagnosed other open wounds.353 cases（97.51%） were treated with medicine within 24 h after injury.A total of 359 cases（99.17%） used combined antibacterial drugs,and the most were combined with cephalosporin drugs（83.7%）.The allergic reaction rate was 3.04%.Conclusion There are some phenomena of irrational use of tetanus antitoxin injections,so it is necessary to develop education to doctor,nurse and pharmacists about rational drug use.