7McParland M,Noble LM,Livingston G.The effectiveness of problem-based learning compared to traditional teaching in under graduate psychiatry.Med Educ 2004:38:859-867.
3O'Neill PA. The role of basic sciences in a problem-Based learning clini- cal curriculum[J]. Med Educ, 2000,34 (8) : 608-613.
4Kinkade S. A snapshot of the status of problem-based learning in U.S. medical schools, 2003-04[J]. Acad Med, 2005,80 (3) : 300- 301.
5Onyon C. Problem-based learning: a review of the educational and psychological theory[J]. Clin Teach, 2012,9 ( 1 ) : 22-26.
6Azer SA, Peterson R, Guerrero AP, et al. Twelve tips for construct- ing problem-based learning cases[J]. Med Teach, 2012,34 (5) : 361-367.
7Johansson J, Skeff K, Stratos G. Clinical teaching improvement: The transportability of the Stanford Faculty Development Program[J]. Med Teach, 2009,31 (8) : e377-e382.