陶瓷材料微波烧结研究进展与工业应用现状

Research Progress on Microwave Sintering of Ceramic Materials and Status of Industrial Application

本文主要介绍了微波烧结原理、烧结设备和微波技术在陶瓷粉末合成、硬质合金、金属陶瓷、功能陶瓷材料烧结及涂层制备方面的应用;微波烧结新技术在溶胶凝胶、自蔓延高温合成、水热法、电热法、涂层溶解、陶瓷材料干燥、连接等领域的最新发展。微波烧结具有加热速度快、烧结坯体温度分布均匀;活化烧结、烧结时间短、抑制晶粒长大、组织结构可控、高效节能等优点。探讨微波烧结产业化的现状和存在的问题,烧结材料介质特性数据缺乏和设备的缺乏、昂贵,是阻碍微波烧结技术发展产业化最主要的两大障碍。对解决微波烧结工业化的难题阐述了观点,微波场的优化设计、陶瓷材料的介电性能的数据库建设及理论发展、微波设备和烧结工艺的联合开发等是目前微波技术研究主要的努力方向。

In this research,the principle,equipment and technique of microwave sintering,and the application of microwave sintering technique on the preparation of ceramic powder,cemented carbide,cermets,functional ceramic materials and coatings are introduced,also it is added in the latest progress of new microwave sintering technique on the sol gel,self-propagating high temperature synthesis,hydrothermal method,electrothermal process,coating dissolution,ceramic material drying and joining,etc.Microwave sintering possesses the advantages of rapid heating rate,homogeneous temperature distribution in sintered blanks,activated sintering,short sintering time,inhibiting grain growth,controlling microstructure and high efficiency energy saving,etc.The present status and existent problems in the industrialization of microwave sintering technique are discussed.It is pointed out that the absence of the characteristic data of sintered material and costly equipment are two main obstacles blocking the industrialization of microwave sintering technique.The viewpoints on solving these difficult problems are expounded,such as optimizing the design of microwave field,building the database of the dielectric properties of ceramic materials,developing microwave equipments combined with sintering technology,etc.