金刚石压腔(DAC)技术及其在地球科学中的应用

The technique of diamond anvil cell and its application to the geoscience

近几十年来金刚石压腔(DAC)技术被广泛应用于高温高压实验研究领域,它可以达到550GPa的压力和6 000K的温度。与其他静高压实验技术(大压力机、高压釜等)相比,金刚石压腔具有独特的优势,它不仅可以进行极端温压条件下物质的结构性质、相变及状态方程等研究,而且可以原位观测整个实验过程。文中简述了金刚石压腔装置的结构及温压测量方法,然后分别从物质相变、矿物溶解度、流体性质和组成、油气成因、稳定同位素分馏系数和布里渊声学测量等方面简要介绍了金刚石压腔技术在地球科学中的研究进展。随着实验技术的不断发展和更新,金刚石压腔技术将具有更广阔的应用前景。

In recent decades,the diamond anvil cell has been widely employed in the field of high-pressure experimental research,which can offer 550 GPa of pressure and 6000 K of temperature.Comparing to other static high pressure techniques,for example large volume press and autoclave,diamond anvil cell has its unique superiority.On one hand,it can be applied in the study of structure and property of matter,phase transition and equation of state under extreme temperature-pressure condition;on the other hand,the whole experiment process also can be in situ observed through diamond anvil cell.In this paper,we outline the experimental apparatus and temperature and pressure measurements,and then briefly introduce its application to the geoscience,including study of phase transition of matter,solubility of mineral,property and component of fluid,origin of oil and gas,fractionation coefficient of stable isotope and Brillouin acoustical measurement respectively.It＇s believed that diamond anvil cell will have more extensive application prospect with the development and updating of this experimental technique.