中国不同成因类型金矿床的黄铁矿成分标型特征及统计分析

Composition typomorphic characteristics and statistic analysis of pyrite in gold deposits of different genetic types

黄铁矿是各类矿床中普遍出现的矿物,在金矿床中更是重要的载金矿物,对其成分标型进行深入研究可以获得大量成因信息。近些年对于各个矿区黄铁矿成分标型的研究很多,但对各成因类型金矿床中黄铁矿的成分标型特征进行系统研究的文献还未见报道。文章提出用δFe-δS的投图方法对各成因类型金矿床的黄铁矿主量元素进行研究,并得出了各类型金矿床黄铁矿的主量元素标型特征。对于金矿床中黄铁矿的微量元素特征,文中运用Co-Ni-As质量比三角图对各成因类型金矿床中的黄铁矿微量元素进行分析,得出了各成因类型金矿床黄铁矿微量元素标型特征。火山热液型、岩浆热液型、变质热液型和卡林型金矿床具有各自不同特征:火山热液型微量元素富含Mo、Sn中温元素,岩浆热液型富含Ti、Cr、Mo、Hg高中低温元素,变质热液型富含Ti、Cr高温元素,卡林型富含Tl(253×10-6)、Hg(547.52×10-6)低温元素,与Au相关的元素也各有区别,火山热液型和岩浆热液型以Se、Te等为特征,变质热液型以Sb,Bi等为特征,卡林型以Hg、Tl、Zn等为特征,主微量元素蛛网图显示各类型矿床元素演化趋势各异,含量也各异。Co-Ni-As图显示火山热液和岩浆热液具有相同的分布区(1或2区),而变质热液和卡林型各有自己的分布区(3和4区)。S同位素数据显示各成因类型的S来源于各自的花岗岩、变质岩、沉积岩,δ34S变化范围从浅成低温热液型、岩浆热液型、变质热液型到卡林型依次增大。因此,黄铁矿主微量元素蛛网图、δFe-δS的主量元素投图方法,以及Co-Ni-As微量元素投图方法是良好的黄铁矿成分标型研究方法。我们的研究结果对金矿中黄铁矿标型的研究以及金矿床的成因类型判别和找矿具有借鉴意义。

Pyrite is an ordinary mineral that appears in different types of deposits and an important gold-bearing mineral in gold deposits.Through studying the compositional typomorphic characteristics of pyrite,we have achieved some genesis information.However,the study of pyrite compositional typomorphism in different genetic gold deposits is rare.The paper studied major elements of pyrite of different genetic deposits by using δFe and δS plot method and achieved major elements characteristics of different deposits.This paper also studied the trace elements of pyrite of different genetic deposits by using SPSS and Co-Ni-As plot method and achieved trace elements characteristics of different deposits.Finally,the results showed that SPSS,the δFe and δS plot method and Co-Ni-As plot method are well applicable to genetic studies in gold deposits,and the distribution characteristics are helpful for studying pyrite compositional typomorphism and prospecting of gold deposits.