“饮水安全计划”的应用与农村供水水质改善

The Application of Water Safety Plans and the Improvement of Rural Drinking Water Quality

WHO提出的"饮水安全计划"采用了风险管理方法的原则和概念,是供水单位管理供水安全的有用工具,有助于公共卫生管理机构的监督与管理。通过在供水单位实施"饮水安全计划",能够改善供水水质和保障水质安全,并在供水单位进行规范化管理和确保这些操作实施的严格执行。其组成包括系统评价、确定控制措施和建立系统管理计划3个主要部分,基本思想是安全的饮用水供应依赖于从源水到用户的系统控制,重点强调基于供水过程中的风险评估和风险管理机制。本文通过对饮水安全计划的回顾,主要阐述饮水安全计划的原理和应用,为其实际应用和发挥供水水质保障作用提供方法学指导。

Water Safety Plans （WSPs） brought forward by WHO applied the principles and concepts of risk management method. WSPs are powerful tools for water suppliers to manage supplying safe drinking water, and WSPs are also helpful for public health authorities in surveillance and administration. The improvement of drinking water quality and water safety can be protected by implementing WSPs in water supply facilities, and the standardized management can guarantee the feasibility of operation implemented in water supply system. WSPs consist of three key components： system assessment, identifying control measures and management plan. The basic concepts are. safe water supply is depending on systemic control of water quality from the source to user ends and the emphasis is bases on risk assessment and risk management in water supply system. This review described the principles and applications of WSPs and provided a methodological guide for actual application and ensuring drinking water quality.