黄土高原水土保持的水文环境效应研究进展

Progress about the effects of soil and water conservation on water environment of the watersheds in the Loess area

黄土区大面积、高强度的植被营造工程和各项水利工程虽充分利用了有限的水资源 ,减少了入黄泥沙 ,但同时也人为的切断或改变了水分循环的途径 ,对水环境产生不同方向和程度的影响。尽管国内外学者对水土保持的水环境效应已进行了不少研究 ,但仍存在一些问题 ,主要表现在单项措施 ,特别是林草措施下的水环境效应研究比较深入 ;在水环境研究内容上 ,多注重对地表径流减水减沙的分析 ,而对水量平衡、水文情势等研究较少 ;在研究尺度上 ,多集中于对径流小区的分析 。

Largescale and strongintensity plant engineering and various water conservancy project can fully use limited water resource, reduce sediment transporting to the Yellow River. But it also can cut off or change former water circulation. Although many scholars have resarched the influence of soil and water conservation on water environment, there are still some deficiencies. The effect of individual measure, especitally forest and meadow, has been studied thoroughly, but it is lack of the investigation of the effect of integral control. Majority studies were concentrated on the investigation of the influence on reduction of runoff quantity, not on the balance of water quantity or on the hydrology trend; and the study scale was focus on runoff plots, not on the whole watershed.