山西省水文事业现状及发展前景思考

The Situation of Hydrologic Cause in Shanxi Province And Some Consideration of Its Development Prospect

本文论述了山西省水文事业的简要历史沿革及现状 ,包括各类水文站网 (雨量、蒸发、地面水、地下水、水质、水情报汛等 )现状及各类业务技术工作现状 ,分析了我省水文工作的差距 ,并指出了在从“工程水利”向“资源水利”的转变中 。

The historic course of development of hydrologic cause in Shanxi Province is briefly introduced.It was started as early as 1916,and has greatly been developed after establishment of P.R.C. The current situation of hydrological network in Shanxi Province is introduced.〔1〕surface water monitoring network There are 799 rain gauge stations,in which 480 are of self-recording,and the others are by artificial observation,computing on average of the province total,only one station is 196 km 2.The items observed are:the precipitation of year,month,day and time interval.There are 17 evaporation stations totally in the province,their main observation items are evaporation of year,month and day.There are 59 stream gauge stations and 7 reservoir gauge stations in the province,their basic observation items are water level,discharge,silt content,sediment grading,and ice regime.In addition,there are 3 hydrologic stations entrusted by the soil and water conservancy department.〔2〕groundwater regime monitoring network:There are 753 groundwater regime monitoring holes and 2 650 groundwater regime observation wells.The basic items monitored are groundwater level,depth to groundwter table,water temperature,and the amount drafted.〔3〕water quality monitoring network There exist 129 water quality monitoring sections,the items monitored are generally 30.〔4〕flood regime reporting network There are 64 stream (reservoir)flood reporting stations,and 264 flood reporting by rain gauges,64 soil moisture predicting stations being attached. The current contents of survey work of hydrology and water resources in the province are summarized.〔1〕planning and management of all kinds of hydrologic networks;〔2〕survey,collection and compilation of hydrologic and water resources data;〔3〕treatment and transferring of the information of water regime,rain regime and soil moisture regime;〔4〕centralized management of hydrologic and water resources survey work of the province,〔5〕providing hydrologic and water resources data and flood-control and drought-resistance information for all walks of life,〔6〕developing technology consultation services on hydrology and water resources.The gap that the province lags behind in the hydrologic work in the province is analysed:〔1〕shortage of technicians on hydrology profession,〔2〕serious insufficiency of hydrologic stations,〔3〕backward technical equipment and poor life facilities at hydrologic stations of basic level,〔4〕critical deficiency of outlay for hydrologic work. Countermeasures of development of hydrologic work in our province are given:〔1〕adjusting and enriching all kinds of hydrologic networks,〔2〕developing hydrologic data logging by means of combination of gauging station and investigation-team〔3〕opening up the new fields of research,management and service of hydrology and water resources by modern science and technology,〔4〕going into technical training to improve technicians' quality. Finally,the concept of “resource-hydrology”is put forward.