从山西水资源特征浅谈缓解黄河断流的对策

Discussion on Countermeasures Solving Zero-flow Problem of the Yellow River From the View of Water Resources Characteristics of Shanxi Province

本文系作者为参加黄河水利委员会 1 999年 4月召开的“黄河流域水资源问题专家座谈会”所撰写。文中介绍了山西省黄河流域水资源概况 ,开发利用现状及存在的问题 。

The characteristics of water resourecs in Shanxi Province is summarized:〔1〕small is the total amount of water resources,Shanxi is one of the most serious water shortage provinces in China;〔2〕Great disparity in the amount of the water resources,annual and yearly,nonuniform in distribution of time and space,and great difficulty in development;〔3〕serious soil and water loss,great silt content in river. The present situation and existing problems of water resources development in Shanxi are analysed.The present situation is that the water supply amount by all kinds of diversion projects in Shanxi Province in 1996 is 5.708 billion m 3,in which,from the Yellow River catchment is 3.645 billion m 3.Again,of the 3.645 billion m 3,the water diverted from each branches of the Yellow River within the province is 3.52 billion m 3,while diverted directly from the main stream is only 0.127 billion m 3.The existing problems are:〔1〕serious shortage in water supply,〔2〕 the water pumped actually from the main stream of the Yellow River is far smaller than that designed;〔3〕continuous increasing of groundwater amount extracted,great-area overdrafting of groundwater,and decreasing and even the zero-flow of Karst springs,〔4〕water pollution and worsening of water environment. Countermeasures of solving the zero-flow problem of the Yellow River are given:〔1〕rationally developing the new water source to increase storage capacity,〔2〕overall practising water saving by beginning with adjustment of water price;〔3〕controlling soil and water loss unremittingly;〔4〕controlling water pollution to improve the water quality of branches of the Yellow River,〔5〕strengthening unified management and unified dispatching of water resources of the catchment.