我国养老机构的地位、性质及运行方式研究

The Status and Functions,Characters and Operating-Mode of the Chinese Elderly-Care Homes

本文从当前养老机构存在的问题入手,通过对服务对象(老人)入住机构的原因和需要的论述,阐明了直接的服务提供主体(养老机构)的地位是长期照顾服务连续体的一个环节,在社会服务体系中发挥托底作用,应该保证较高的服务质量;养老机构在福利社会化的政策背景下兼具福利性和"准市场"性;在运行方式上应该实现各个福利提供主体之间的协调等观点。并通过总结发达国家和地区的相关经验,提出应该明确政府、行业协会、养老机构、市场几个方面的角色地位,协调好相互之间的关系,并注意发展长期性服务项目,进行科学的规划,发展适度普惠型的福利政策等建议。

Nowadays,there＇re some problems existing in the Chinese elderly-care homes.It＇s necessary to discuss the status and functions,characters,and operating-mode of the elderly-care homes clearly for understanding the problems correctly.Through discussing the reasons and needs of the elderly who moved into the elderly-care homes to accept the services,the paper posed that the elderly-care homes should provide high-quality service to the elderly because it＇s a composition of the long-term care system.The elderly-care homes possess both the welfare nature and quasi-market characters in the mixed economy of social welfare.The good operating-mode of the elderly-care homes should coordinate all the four welfare providers including the government,the market,the voluntary organizations and the informal department.The paper also summed up some relative experience in the developed areas,and posed some suggestions for the Chinese elderly-care homes such as definite the roles of the four welfare providers,coordinate the relationships of the welfare providers,give attention to develop long-term health care program and elderly-care homes＇ development program,and design some universal social policies.