江苏省沿江5市江滩滩情　螺情现状调查和钉螺控制策略的研究

SURVEY ON PRESENT SITUATION OF MARSHLAND AND SNAIL HABITAT AREAS AND STUDY ON CONTROL STRATEGY OF MARSHLAND ONCOMELANIA HUPENSIS IN 5 CITIES ALONG THE YANGTZE RIVER IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

目的掌握江滩地区滩情特点和钉螺分布规律，探讨江滩地区钉螺控制的措施和策略。方法通过查阅资料和现场勘测，对江苏沿江５市江滩逐块调查滩情、螺情，并进行江滩开发治理可行性论证。结果共调查江滩６０７块，滩块面积１６ ２４３．２０４ ３万ｍ~２，其中现有螺面积４ １４２.３９６ ３万ｍ~２，现有阳性钉螺面积 ６００． ８６３１万 ｍ~２；现有螺江滩水淹时间均在 ６个月内， ９０． ８８％现有螺滩块高程在３～９ｍ间；调查表明江苏血吸虫病流行区江滩具有“冬陆夏水”特征，江滩有螺面积的增加与江滩面积增长及钉螺扩散有关；江滩有螺原因主要为上年未灭螺、灭而未净和钉螺扩散。目前可开发的滩块占尚未开发江滩面积的５７．０７％，如全部开发则可消灭现有江滩钉螺面积的４７．１６％。结论 基本掌握了江苏江滩地区滩情、螺情特点，探讨了江滩开发治理的可行性，提出了结合农业水利，采取以消除钉螺孳生条件为目标的生态工程方法控制江滩钉螺的防治策略。

Objectives To understand the present situation of the marshland and the characteristics of snail habitat distribution in marshland region, and to study the strategy on snail control in the marshland. Methods The relevant data on the river beach and snail habitat distribution were collected and analyzed. At the same time, the survey in the field on the situation of marshland and snail habitats was carried out in 5 cities along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. Results The situations of the land and snail habitats in 607 sites of the marshland were surveyed. It has found that areas with snails were 41 423 963m^2, and 6 008 631m^2 of them were areas with infected snails. The time of submerging marshland with snails was inside of 6 months yearly along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. The elevation of 90. 88% marshland with snails was 3-9m. It is shown that the increase of areas with snails was correlative with the increase of areas of land along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. The causes of existing snails were mainly without eradicating snails, survival of snails after eradicating and snail spread. It is prompted that the areas of marshland with snails will be reduced 47. 16% by exploitation perhaps. Conclusion it is basic understanded for the present situation of marshland and snail habitat distribution along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. It is suggested that snails of marshland would be controlled by using the method of ecological project which objective is without the condition of multiplying snails.