呼吸机相关肺炎的危险因素调查分析

Survey of risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia

目的通过对呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)发病的危险因素进行调查分析,从而为VAP的诊断、治疗及采取有效的防治对策提供参考依据。方法选择我院ICU机械通气时间≥48 h且临床资料完整的病例共160例作为调查对象,将发生VAP的78例设立为VAP组,其余82例为未发生VAP组,分析发生VAP的相关危险因素。结果两组在年龄、机械通气时间、APACHEⅡ评分、抑酸剂应用、住院天数方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而两组在抗生素应用时间、血白蛋白方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄≥65岁、机械通气时间>5 d、APACHEⅡ评分≥15分、应用抑酸剂>5 d、住院天数>30 d为VAP发生的危险因素。结论针对VAP的危险因素,采取有效的护理干预措施,可以明显降低VAP的发生率。

Objective To investigate and analyze the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia （VAP） and to take ef- fective preventive countermeasures. Methods Selected 160 cases mechanical ventilation ≥ 48 h patients in our hospital as subjects, and selected 78 cases take place VAP for the VAP group, the remaining 82 cases did not occur in VAP group,to analyze the occurrence of VAP risk factors. Results The difference of age, duration of mechanical ventilation, APACHE II score, antacids applications, hospital days between two groups were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. The two groups in the antibiotics time, serum albumin, the difference was not statistically significant （P 〉 0.05）. ≥ 65 years of age, duration of mechanical ventilation 〉5 days, APACHE II score ≥ 15 points, antacids 〉5 days, the number of days of hospitalization 〉 30 days were VAP risk factors, Conclusion Targeting the risk factors for VAP, to take effective care interventions can sig- nificantly reduce the incidence of VAP.