负福利抑或其他? 地方政府公共服务均等化研究(2001-2010)

Negative Welfare or Other? Equalization Study of the Public Service of Local Governments(2001-2010)

地方政府是公共服务提供的主导者,公共服务的均等化已经成为我国在新世纪的重要战略目标。过去10年间公共服务支出占一般预算支出的比重基本变化不大,但省际之间的升降变化却相当显著;公共服务支出增长高于同期经济增长,各地区公共服务供给差距非常大。国家的转移支付,对西部地区均等化起到很好作用,但是对于中部和东部来说,作用不明显,甚至有"劫富济贫"的倾向。从区域分析来看,四大区域公共服务均等化进一步加强,东部与东北地区公共服务优势缩小,西部地区得到改善,中部地区一直处于不利地位。因此,迫切需要建设公共服务型政府,加大公共服务投入,优化支出结构;建立以公共服务产出为导向的转移支付制度;以基本需求战略为核心,建立公共服务全国最低标准;整合市场与社会的力量,形成多元化供给的格局。

Local governments are the leading providers of public service. The equalization of public services has become an important strategic objective in the new century. The spending of public services accounted for almost the same proportion of general budget expenditures over the past 10 years, but the changes on the inter-provincial level is quite significant. The spending of public services grows faster than the economic growth over the same period. State transfer payments play an important role in the equalization of public services in the western regions, but for the central and eastern areas, the effects are not obvious. Therefore, there is an urgent need to build public-service-oriented government to increase investment in public services, optimize the structure of expenditures, and establish an output-oriented system of transfer payments. National minimum standards of public services are essential to be established according to the basic-need strategy. Integration of market and social forces is helpful to form the diversified pattern of supplement.