想像儿童:当代小说研究的一个切入点——兼谈当代我国儿童文学研究范式

Imagining Child:A Base Point to Research Contemporary Novels

过去一百多年、中国小说越来越多地把"儿童"当成一种构成因素。作者(隐含作者)、叙述者的存在,决定了小说中儿童的"营造"与"诞生"有一个选择的机制,在其中起决定作用的不再是"儿童是什么"这样的一般的认识关系,而是一种意义关系,是儿童在色彩斑斓千变万化的叙事中可能彰显出的社会、文化乃至哲学意义。因此,透过"小说的儿童想像",不仅可以通过对小说中"儿童"的各种表现形态的观照,来对折射在其中的儿童自身、儿童与成人的关系进行审视,而且也可以探寻"儿童"的种种呈现形态所体现出来的作为写作主体的小说家的文学思维方式以及背后的经验因素与文化因素,探寻儿童在进入小说以后所发生的诗学转化以及对小说品质的影响。

During last over one hundred years,'child'is becoming a more and more important factor in C hinese novels.Because of the existence of implied author and narrator,there is a mechanism for creating 'child'in novel,in w hich the determinant is not know ledge about'w hat is child'but the social and cultural meanings of child in narrative.T herefore,by looking into the various patterns of children as reflected in novels,the thoughts that novelists might w ork on their w orking and their experience and culture background can be reached;at the same time,the poetic shift and the effect on the nature of novel can be gotten at w hen child'w ent into'text.