翻译人才兴衰的历史反思——以清代满汉翻译人才为例

The Vicissitudes of Manchu-Chinese Translators in the Qing Dynasty:A Historical Perspective on Contemporary Efforts to Foster Competent Translators

本文基于原始资料和学界研究成果,考述了清代满汉翻译人才的兴衰历程,揭示其发展变化的明显的阶段性。在重点论述著名翻译家的基础上,归纳出三类翻译人才及其历史贡献。本文认为,满汉翻译人才对满汉民族的交往及融合做出了巨大贡献,而清政府也对其高度重视,二者呈良性互动之势。这一历史经验对破解当今翻译人才短缺的难题有重要的启迪意义。

This paper offers a stage-by-stage study of the rise and fall of Manchu-Chinese translators in the Qing Dynasty,identifying three types of translators that had made historic contributions to forging a close relationship between,and promoting an integration of,the Manchu and the Han ethnic group.The survey renders available a historical precedent from which much can be learned for China's current efforts to cultivate a new generation of competent translators.