再谈中国学派的文学翻译理论

Literary Translation Theory of the Chinese School:Forerunner of Chinese Cultural Renaissance

中国学派的文学翻译理论源自老子和孔子的思想。老子提出的"信"和"美"、"名"和"实"的矛盾,是文学译论中的本体论;孔子提出的"从心所欲不逾矩"的艺术论,是译论中的认识论;"学而时习之"的实践论,是译论中的方法论;"知之,好之,乐之"——"三之论"是译论中的目的论。老子提出的矛盾论后来发展为直译与意译,信达雅,三似(形似,意似,神似),三美(意美,音美,形美)的矛盾。孔子提出的艺术论后来发展为郭沫若的"创译论"和茅盾的"艺术价值"论或"提高到艺术创作水平"的理论。孔子提出的方法论发展为"三化论"(等化,浅化,深化),目的论又使"三化"发展为"优化论"(用最好的译语表达方式,不只是翻译原文的文字,而是要译出原文所写的现实,解决原文"名"与"实"的矛盾)。

The ontology of literary translation theory of the Chinese school comes from the Old Master's theory on contradiction between name and thing,between the faithful and the beautiful.(What is literary translation? It is an art to solve the contradiction between the faithful and the beautiful.) Its epistemology comes from Confucius'theory of art to be free in the realm of necessity(to solve the contradiction between liberty and necessity).Its methodology consists of triple transformation,that is,generalization,equalization(equivalence included),particularization.Its teleology is to make the translated text readable,enjoyable and delectable or delightful.In short,it is a theory of excellence(the best words in the best place) as against the theory of equivalence in the west.