测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性、旗叶水势、籽粒产量和水分利用率的影响

Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Test on Water Consumption Characteristics,Water Potential of Flag Leaf,Grain Yield and WUE in Winter Wheat

为了解土壤相对含水量对小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响,以小麦品种济麦22为材料,在田间试验条件下,设置5个土壤水分处理(W0～W4),其中各处理在0～140cm土层越冬、拔节和开花期土壤相对含水量分别为:80%、60%和52%(W0),80%、70%和65%(W1),85%、70%和65%(W2),80%、70%和70%(W3),85%、70%和70%(W4),比较分析了不同土壤水分条件下小麦耗水特性、旗叶水势和相对含水量及籽粒产量的差异。结果表明,W2处理的降水量占总耗水量的比例显著高于W3和W4处理,与W1处理无显著差异;灌水量及其占总耗水量的比例低于W4处理,与W3处理无显著差异;土壤耗水量占总耗水量的比例显著高于W4处理,低于其他处理。灌浆前期W2处理旗叶水势低于W3和W4处理,与W1处理无显著差异,旗叶相对含水量与其他处理无显著差异;灌浆后期W2处理旗叶水势和相对含水量均显著高于W1和W3处理,与W4处理无显著差异。W2和W4处理的籽粒产量无显著差异,均高于其他处理;W2处理的水分利用效率和灌溉效益高于W4处理。综合来看,本试验条件下,W2处理为冬小麦兼顾高产和节水的最佳测墒补灌模式。

To determine the effects of soil moisture content on water consumption characteristics and grain yield in wheat.Field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of soil moisture content on water use efficiency（WUE）,water potential of flag leaf and grain yield of wheat（cv.Jimai 22）.The irrigation treatments were designed based on relative content of soil moisture in 0-140 cm soil layer at pre-wintering,jointing,and anthesis stages,respectively as 80%,60% and 52% for W0;80%,70%,and 65% for W1;85%,70% and 65% for W2;80%,70% and 70% for W3;85%,70% and 70% for W4.The results showed the ratio of precipitation to total water consumption amount in treatment W2 was higher than that of treatment W3 and W4;the irrigation amount and the ratio of irrigation amount to total water consumption amount were presented from high to low as W4W2 or W3W1,whereas a opposite change occurred in the ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount.Treatment W2 could adequately use precipitation and irrigation water,but the consumption amount of soil water was less than that of other treatments.Water potential and relative water content of flag leaves in treatment W2 had no significant differences with other treatments at early grain filling stage,but which were significantly higher than those of treatment W1 and W3 and no significant difference with W4 at late grain filling stage.The grain yield for treatment W2 and W4 was higher than the other treatments,but water use efficiency and irrigation benefit for W2 were higher than treatment W4.In conclusion,under the condition of this experiment,as far as water potential and relative water content of flag leaves,WUE and grain yield be concerned,the most appropriate irrigation regime recommended is treatment W2.