哈尔滨城市森林小气候状况及对人体舒适度的影响

Status of Microclimate in Urban Forests in Harbin and Its Effects on Human Comfort Degree

通过对哈尔滨城市森林3种不同林型的气温和相对湿度的定点观测,用温湿指数(IT,H)表征人体舒适度这一生物气象指标,评价了不同林型对人们户外活动舒适程度的影响。结果表明:在初夏,气温的日变化呈单峰型,清晨最低1,4:00达到最高值;相对湿度的变化呈U型,与气温的日变化相反。3种不同林型对周围环境均具有一定的降温增湿作用,白桦林的平均降温率(6.69℃)最大,而且降温效应以午后14:00前后最为显著;蒙古栎林的平均增湿率(44.78%)最高,且也以午后14:00前后增湿最为明显;在一日中对人体舒适度感觉最好和感觉舒适时间最长的是白桦林(22.13%1,2 h)和樟子松林(22.17%,10 h)。

Temperature and humidity index was used to study the effect of three different types of urban forests in Harbin on out- door activities and human comfortable degree by measuring air temperature and air relative humidity in mid-June. Results showed that, in early summer, the diurnal variation of air temperature exhibited a unimodal curve, and the lowest value oc- curred at 6：00 am, and the highest at 14：00 pro. The variation of relative humidity exhibited a U-shaped change, which is distinct from the variation of temperature. Functions of decreasing temperature and increasing relative humidity were observed in the three types of forests. The average temperature drop rate in the birch forest was the largest（6.69 degrees C）, and the cooling effect was the most significant around 14：00 pm in early autumn. The average humidification rate in the Mongolian oak forest was the highest（44.78% ）, and it also became most obvious around 14：00 pro. The best human comfort degree and the longest time of human comfort in a day were 22.13% and 12 hours in the birch forest and 22.7% and 10 hours in the Mongolian pine forest, respectively.