基于县域尺度的中国农业水资源利用效率评价

Assessment of Agricultural Water Resources' Production Efficiency at County Level in China

基于县域尺度,选取降水产出率、灌溉水产出率、灌溉指数和总水分生产率4个指标,定量评价了中国不同地区(台湾省除外)的农业水资源利用效率,在此基础上,利用GIS空间分析技术,分析了各个指标的空间区域差异。结果表明,全国平均总水分生产率仅为0.61kg/m3,与发达国家的水生产效率相比,还有很大的潜力空间;黄淮海平原区、四川盆地、长江中下游区的农业水资源利用效率较高;在天然降水和灌溉水资源均较丰富的江南区和华南区,除灌溉指数较高外,其他3个指标都处于中等或中等偏低水平。总水分生产率和降水产出率的低值区空间分布基本一致,主要分布在大小兴安岭区、内蒙古高原区、黄土高原北部、横断山区一线;西北区的灌溉水资源浪费严重,亟待提高。

Based on the shortage and waste situation of water resources,this research attempts to evaluate the agricultural water resources＇ utilization efficiency in China（except Taiwan province） at county level and analyze the regional differences of every indicator with GIS technology.The results show that： ①The total water resources production efficiency of the national average is only 0.61 kg/m3,compare to the world level（more than 2 kg/m3）,there is a great potential space;②The utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources varies significantly among the counties studied： the production efficiency of agricultural water resources is higher in Huang-huai-hai Plain,Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower region of Yangtze River.The other three indicators（except the irrigation index）are in medium or low to intermediate level in the Jiang-nan and Hua-nan region where there are rich rainfall and irrigation water.The low value region of rainfall and total water resources production efficiency basically had the same spatial distribution,mainly in the north of Northeast region,Inner Mongolia plateau region,north of Loess Plateau region,Heng-duan-shan region.The waste of irrigation water is severe in Northwest region and need to be improved.