科学知识社会学对科学规范的阐释

On Scientific Norms in the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge

科学知识社会学关注的焦点虽不是科学规范,但对它多有阐释。起初主张科学的行为准则不是社会规范而是认知规范,而后强调科学的行为规则不是规范性的而是解释性的,并对科学中的认知性特殊主义进行了独到的研究,丰富和发展了默顿的科学规范论。

There are some formulations on scientific norms in the sociology of scientific knowledge. The first one focuses on the argument that the principles of scientific behaviour are not social norms. The second emphasizes that the rules regulating scientific activities are not normative. The third emphasizes cognitive particularism.