佛经汉译译论体系主体结构的完善

The Completing Part of the Classical Theoretical System of Buddhist Sutra Translation Studies

赞宁《宋高僧传》卷三中的翻译理论总结,应该被看作彦琮对隋代及之前翻译理论的总结和玄奘开启唐代翻译盛世理论主张之后,对自义净以降的唐宋佛经翻译高峰期比较全面的理论总结,因此是整个佛经汉译译论体系主体结构有机组成的后一部分即第三个部分。从这个意义上看,赞宁的总结具有继承和完善意识。本文依据赞宁所言证明了这一判断,涉及六个方面,即:体系独立意识,对语言的认识,翻译语言折中论,对译场所展示的翻译过程的认识,北宋初期翻译的特点,译者风格问题。

In his biographies of famous Buddhist monks of the Northern Song dynasty,the Monk Zanning(919~1001 A.D.),one of the established Buddhist monk translator-scholars of the time,summarized in a theoretical way the Buddhist sutra translation practice and studies since the Monk Yijing,covering the peak period of Buddhist sutra translation throughout the Tang and the Northern Song dynasties or from the 7th to the 9th centuries in China.This paper argues that his summary should be regarded as the third or the completing part of the classical theoretical system of China's Buddhist sutra translation studies.The two parts before him are: the Monk Yancong's theoretical summary of Buddhist sutra translation studies up to the Sui dynasty and the Monk Xuanzang's brilliant reflections of Buddhist sutra translation accompanying the prosperity of Buddhist sutra translation in the Tang dynasty.The author of the paper holds that the Monk Zanning's summary reveals a recognizable awareness of theoretical inheritance and consummation of the studies,which can be identified in six aspects: the awareness of an independent theoretical system,a clearer classification of language problems in translation,the acknowledgment of eclectic mixture of languages in translating,a more conscious realization of translation process demonstrated in the organization of translation sites or 'workshops',a theoretical review of the characteristics of Buddhist sutra translation at the beginning of the Northern Song dynasty,and a detailed discussion of the styles of some well-known translators.