产后6周妇女产后抑郁症现状调查分析

Investigation and analysis on the current situation of postpartum depression among the women at six weeks after delivery

目的:分析佛山地区妇女产后6周产后抑郁症发生现状。方法:采用爱丁堡抑郁量表(EPDS)对2010年12月～2011年11月在佛山市妇幼保健院妇女保健门诊作产后42天检查的3 947名产妇进行调查分析。结果:产后抑郁症的发生率为30.50%,产后抑郁症的发生在不同的年龄、文化程度之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。产妇产后抑郁发生的危险因素依次是:低年龄(44.14%)、阴道助产(38.46%)、文化水平低(35.99%)、孕4次以上(33.44%)、3产次(33.33%)、无业人员(31.98%)、工薪阶层(31.17%)。产妇主要表现为自责(59.84%)、焦虑(51.16%)、应付能力差(33.72%)、恐惧(30.05%),有7.02%产妇有自伤意念。结论:妇女产后6周产后抑郁症发生率高,应加强妇女产褥期的护理干预,关注产褥期后产妇心理变化,给予积极的社会和家庭的支持,以减少产妇心理障碍的发生,促进产妇身心健康。

Objective： To analyze the current situation of postpartum depression among the women at six weeks after delivery in Foshan city. Methods： A total of 3 947 postpartum women who received postpartum examination at 42 days after delivery in maternal health care outpatient of the hospital from December 2010 to November 2011 were investigated and analyzed by Edinburgh postnatal depression scale （EPDS） . Results： The incidence of postpartum depression was 30. 50%. There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of postpartum depression among the women in different age groups and with different educational levels （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The risk factors of post- partum depression among the women were low age （44. 14% ）, vaginal midwifery （38.46%）, low educational level （35.99%）, conceiving for more than four times （33.44%） , giving birth to babies for three times （33.33%） , the unemployed （31.98%） , and working class （31.17 % ） . The main manifestations of postpartum women included self- accusation （59. 84% ） , anxiety （51.16% ） , bad coping ability （33.72%） , and fear （30.05%） , 7.02% of the postpartum women had self - injury ideation. Conclusion： The incidence of postpartum depression among the women at six weeks after delivery was high ; strengthening nursing and intervention of postpartum women during puerpe- rium, paying attention to the psychological changes of postpartum women during puerperium, providing active supports from the society and families can reduce the onset of psychological disorders and promote physical and psychological health of the postpartum women.