旋覆花不同部位提取物对辣椒疫霉菌的生物活性研究

Antifungal activities of the extracts of Inula britannica L.against Phytophthora capsici Len

为明确旋覆花对辣椒疫病的控制效果,分别用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇对旋覆花根、茎、叶、花进行浸渍超声提取,采用菌丝生长速率法和载玻片上孢子萌发法测定各提取物对辣椒疫霉菌的离体活性,并测试了盆栽防效.结果表明,在0.1 g·mL-1供试条件下,旋覆花的花提取物对辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长抑制活性最强,4种溶剂提取物抑制率分别为81.19%,93.15%,100%和95.43%;叶提取物抑菌活性次之,抑制率分别为81.17%,88.29%,95.43%和87.16%;除茎的氯仿提取物外,其它茎、根不同溶剂提取物抑制率均大于62.79%.在0.05 g·mL-1质量浓度下,叶和茎的石油醚提取物对供试病菌孢子释放的抑制率分别为83.33%和66.67%,其它提取物抑菌活性均较弱.在1.0 g·mL-1处理剂量下,旋覆花花的氯仿提取物对辣椒疫病的治疗和保护作用分别为46.35%和52.18%,均与对照药剂相当.

The antifungal activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butyl alcohol root, stem, leave and flower extracts of Inula britannica in vitro and in vivo conditions were evaluated for their effectiveness against Phytophthora capsici Leonian. The results showed excluding chloroform stem extracts, mycelium growth of P. capsici was inhibited by other extracts. The radial growth of the tested fungus was inhibited 81.19% , 93.15% , 100% and 95.43% by flower extracts and 81.17% , 88.29% , 95.43% and 87.16% by leave extracts at 0.1 g. mL^-1, respectively. The radial growth of the tested fungus was inhibited above 62.79% by stem and root extracts at 0.1 g . mL^-1. The spores germination of P. capsici was inhibited by petroleum ether leave and flower extracts at 0.05 g. mL^-1 and the inhibition rates were 83.33% and 66.67%. The results in pot experiments showed chloroform flower extracts had good therapeutic and protective effects （46.35% and 52.18% ） being not signifi- cantly different from the control fungicide.