模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水实验的医学保障

Medical support to the simulated heliox diving at different high altitudes

目的了解模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水对人体生理、心理和血液指标的影响，检验模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水实验的医学保障方案。方法4名潜水员于高、低压两用舱内，连续9d先后模拟平原、海拔3000m环境及该环境下30m潜水、海拔4000m环境及该环境下30m潜水、海拔5200m环境及该环境下30m潜水和50l＇n潜水。在实验的不同阶段分别进行基础生命指标、心血管功能、中枢神经系统功能和心理指标的监测，以及血与尿生化、免疫学等指标的检测和临床医学观察。并在潜水减压过程中进行多普勒超声气泡监测。结果4名受试潜水员全部按照计划完成了各项测试。在模拟高原环境下，所有受试潜水员均发生了不同程度的急性轻型高原病，其中1名潜水员出现了血压升高，1名潜水员出现了发热，1名潜水员发生头部外伤。潜水员在减压过程中及减压后无减压病发生，但受到短时舱温升高的影响，1名潜水员出现了手指麻木的情况。结论本次实验条件下的医学保障方案和医学监护手段切实可行，潜水安全。

Objective To investigate effects of simulated heliox diving on physiology, psychology and blood and urine indices in divers at different high altitudes, and also to assess medical support profiles for the simulated heliox diving at different high altitudes. Methods In the dual-purpose hyperbaric and hypobaric chamber complex, 4 divers conducted a series of simulated dives for a succession of 9 days at various altitudes and under different simulated environmental conditions ： the 30 m dive at an altitude of 3000 m, the 30 m dive at an altitude of 4000 m, and the 30 m and 50 m dives at an altitude of 5200 m. Various physioldgical indices, such as vital signs, cardiovascular function, CNS function and psychological state, as well as biochemical and immunological indices of the divers were monitored during different stages of the experiment. In the mean time, clinical observations were also made. Ultrasonic Doppler bubble detection was made during the whole process of decompre^ion. Results The 4 divers completed all the experimental items as specified in the plan. In the simulated high altitude environments, all the divers displayed acute slight altitude disease to a more or less extent. The blood pressure of 1 diver elevated, another diver developed fever and still another diver had head injury. No decompression sickness occurred, in the process of decompression and after decompression. However, all of the divers were affected by transient high temperature of the chamber and 1 diver felt numb in the finger. Conclusions The experiment showed that the medical support profile and monitoring systems werefeasible and the diving experiment was safely completed.