论尊严的内涵及其类型

On the Intension and Type of Dignity

尊严是多重关系的复合,而非任何形式的实体,其实质是自尊、认可和贡献等三重关系的统一体。它有三种基本类型:地位尊严、人性尊严和公民尊严。地位尊严是依据社会身份等级的高低而被赋予的,它是一种稀缺资源,一种不对等的相互承认,对它的争夺属于零和博弈;人性尊严是人人所享有的普遍尊严,它源自对于人类在宇宙中的位置或人之普遍本性的承认;公民尊严是一种由国家提供的公共产品,它源自公民身份及其相应的权利,并依赖于普遍的民主法治状态。限制地位尊严,存养人性尊严,提升公民尊严,已经成为激励人们奋力前行的崭新旗帜。

Not a form of substance, but a complexity of multiple interrelations, dignity consists in the u- nion of self-respect, recognition and contribution. Its main types are status, humanity and citizen dignity. Sta- tus dignity, enjoyed by those who have high status, is founded on the mutual recognition of inequality in sta- tus. It is a rare resource and the struggle for it is a zero-sum game. Humanity dignity, shared equally by all, is based on the recognition of common human nature and human＇s special place in the universe. Citizen digni- ty, a kind of public goods offered by the state, is rooted in the citizenship and civil rights, the realization of which depends on democracy and the rule of law. Now what we should do in China is to restrict status dignity, cultivate humanity dignity and enhance citizen dignity.