艺术与革命——论恩斯特·布洛赫具体的乌托邦

Arts and Revolution——On Ernst Bloch′s Concrete Utopia

布洛赫要求重建作为解放与革命理论的马克思主义,他发现人的希望、梦与美好未来的理想等事件是对一个自由的、非异化状况的预言,"尚未"逻辑揭示出当对宗教、艺术等意识形态展开批判时,并不仅仅意味着解蔽与祛魅,它同时意味着显露与发现蕴藏其中的革命潜能。布洛赫对革命主观条件重要性的强调,可以看做是对客观经济决定论的马克思主义的反拨。他借助具体的乌托邦范畴成功地将马克思主义的"暖流"与"寒流"、社会主义长远目标与近期目标紧密结合在马克思的革命事业当中。

Bloch has provided impetus toward reconstructing Marxism as a theory of liberation and revolu- tion. He found prefigurations of a liberated and non-alienated condition in humanity＇s records of its hopes, dreams and struggles for a better world. The logic of ＂not-yet＂ reveals that critique of ideology is not merely unmasking or de-mystification, but is also uncovering and discovery of revolutionary potentialities, which is contained in it. Bloch＇s stress on the importance of the subjective conditions of revolution can be seen as a re- action against deterministic-objectivistic-economic versions of Marxism. With concrete Utopia concept, he suc- cessfully integrated ＂the warm current＂ and ＂cold current＂ of Marxism, the long-term and short-term goals of socialism into Marxist revolutionary enterprise.