谁的意志 谁的利益——传统法视野下法律统治阶级意志论新辨

Whose Will Whose Interests——The New Viewpoints of Law Reflecting the Will of Ruling Class in View of Law of Ancient China

传统中国君主专制的政治形态下,君主权力几近不受约束,立法者尤其是最高立法者个人之偏见、情感、私利可毫无阻碍地作用于立法活动,法律背离统治阶级整体意志,遂成寻常之事。传统中国法律经常背离统治阶级意志的历史事实说明,法律反映统治阶级意志这一马克思主义法学基本命题,具有实然与应然双重意义,近代以前其意义多为应然,近代以后随着民主政治的建立、完善,其意义则由应然逐渐转为实然。近代民主政治的建立,是法律反映统治阶级意志成为实然之根本前提。

In ancient china, there was nearly no restriction on the power of emperors. The emperors＇ prejudice, emotion, and selfish interests affected the legislation so much that the law often deviated from the whole will of ruling class. This historical fact proves that the basic proposition of Marxist Law that law reflects the will of ruling class is ＂to be＂ and ＂ought to be＂ simultaneously： in ancient times it is ＂ought to be＂ more than ＂to be＂, while in modem times it has changed from ＂ought to be＂ to ＂to be＂ because of democracy. In a word, democracy makes that law reflects the will of ruling class real