延吉机场口岸鼠类种群、季节消长及其体表寄生虫调查

The investigation report of rats' population seasonal change and ectoparasites of rats at Yanji airport

目的掌握延吉机场口岸鼠类的种群构成、季节消长、体外寄生虫情况,为口岸传染病监测和媒介生物控制提供依据。方法采用ELTON夹夜法,每月下旬连放3天,连续12个月,对该口岸鼠类的种群构成、季节消长、体外寄生虫进行调查。结果本次调查共捕获鼠类150只,隶属2目4科7属8种。蚤80匹,螨23只。黑线姬鼠为优势种,占64%;该口岸年平均鼠密度为4.18%,密度变化呈双高峰,7月和8月分别为8.08%和8.25%,10月为12.9%;鼠体平均染蚤率为27.33%,平均蚤指数0.53;鼠体平均染螨率为6.67%,平均螨指数0.15。结论延吉机场口岸鼠密度高于国境口岸医学媒介生物控制标准,鼠密度高峰期正处于该地区流行性出血热高发季节,应经常开展防鼠灭鼠工作,防止有关传染病的发生和流行。

Objective To grasp the original background of species composition, seasonal change rules of the rats＂ population at Yanji airport and the ectoparasites types they carried, so as to provide a scientific basis for surveil- lance on infectious diseases and the control of vector. Methods The ELTON method and snap trap are used to catch the rats three times a month for a continuous 12 months to investigate species composition, seasonal change rules of the rats＇population at Yanji airport and the ectoparasites types they carried. Results A total of 150 rats which belong to 2 order, 4 families, 7 genera and 8 species, 80 fleas and 23 mites were caught. Apodemus agrarius was the dominate species, accounting for 64%. The year~ average rats＂ density was 4.18%. The highest density appeared twice a year. In July and August, the density was 8.08% and 8.25 % respectively; and in October, it was 12.9%. The index of flea infection among the rats was 0.53, and the rate of infected rats was 27.33 %. The index of mite infection among the rats was 0.15, and the rate of infected rats was 6.67%. Conclusion The rats density at Yanji airport is higher than the medical vectors control standards of national frontier and ports. The peak periods of rat density in the region consist with the seasons which the Hemorrhagic fever epidemic often happens. It is important to strengthen further prevention and control of the rats so as to prevent the prevalence of the related epi- demic.