国内外优秀男子三级跳远运动员技术特征对比分析

Comparative Analysis on the Technical Characteristics of the Elite Male Triple Jumpers At Home and Abarod

运用文献资料法、运动录像拍摄及解析法、数理统计法,对2011年全国田径大奖赛总决赛男子三级跳远前8名运动员决赛最好成绩的相关参数进行统计分析,同时与第十二届世锦赛(柏林)男子三级跳远前8名运动员决赛最好成绩相应的参数进行对比分析。研究结果表明:(1)国内外优秀三级跳远运动员最后两步均采用"长—短"模式,但世界优秀运动员助跑一步质心速度高于倒数第二步,而我国运动员则低于倒数第二步;(2)当前大部分男子三级跳远运动员仍然比较注重单足跳的远度,我国运动员跨步跳距离与世界运动员差异较大,因此掌握合理的跨步跳技术动作、适当提高跨步跳距离对于我国运动员具有重要意义。(3)水平速度损失率在三跳过程中随着跳次的增加而增加,由于不适宜的起跳角和相对较弱的腿部力量,导致我国运动员水平速度损失率大于世界优秀运动员。

With the methods of hterature review, the sport live-video and video-image analysis,Icomparative analysis and mathematical statistics, statistics analysis on the related technical parameters of the first 8 triple jumpers in their best scores in the fmals of Men＇s Triple Jump of the Finals National Track and Field Matchhave been made in this paper. At the same time, a comparative analysis of the relevant parameters of the first 8 triple jumpers in their best scores in the finals of Men＇s Triple Jump of the 12th world championships has been made. The research result shows that （1）Most of the elite male triple jumpers adopt the＂long-short＂approach mode at the last steps, the speed of the last step of the world elite athletes is higher than that of the previous one, but the Chinese athletes＇ is lower than that the previous one. （2）At present,most of the elite triple jumpers pay attention to the length of hop as usual,the length of step of the Chinese athletes have large difference to the world elite athletes;therefore,it is of great significance for the Chinese athletes to grasp the technology of step, and enhance the length of step properly. （3）The loss rate of horizontal velocity in each jump gradually increase,due to inadequate angle of take-off and comparatively weak leg strength; the loss rate of horizontal velocity of the Chinese athletes is greater than that of the world elite athletes