浅谈咏贫类文学——以韩愈《送穷文》为中心

The Discussion on "Praising Poverty"——Focusing on Hanyu's Essay Song Qiong Wen

韩愈《送穷文》作为咏贫类文学的经典之作,揭示了士人生存窘境,品行才能上的"富有"及现实的失意不得志之"穷"的冲突,也肯定了士人安贫乐道的精神,千古文人之"穷"不出于韩文"智穷"、"学穷"、"文穷"、"命穷"、"交穷"这"五穷‘。《送穷文》以游戏谐虐之笔"宣郁抒衷","宣"的"士不遇"的苦闷,抒的是守道固贫的信念。这类文学为士人提供了宣泄途穷郁闷的途径。基于同情共感的传统,容易引起共鸣及效仿。

Han Yu＇s ＂Song Qiong Wen＂ is masterpiece of singing the poor literature. It reveals scholars survival dilemma and the conflict between moral rich and the reality of frustrated unsuccessful ＂poor＂, and certainly confirms scholars＇ spirit of happy to lead a simple and virtuous life. Through the ages, Ihe ＂poor＂ of scholars is not out of Han Yu＇s five poor situations, they are, the ＂poor＂ of wisdom, the ＂poor＂ of learning, the ＂poor＂ of article, the ＂poor＂ of life, and the ＂poor＂ of contact. ＂The send the poor text＂ uses joking technique to express gloomy of mediocrity beyond promotion to a higher post and belief of happy to lead a simple and virtuous life. This type of literature provides the way to express grief of the end of a read. Based on the sympathy and synesthesia tradition, It＇s easy to arouse resonance and emulation.