省域城乡师资失衡:实践表征、政策归因、改进策略——以宁夏为例

Provincial Urban and Rural Teachers Imbalance:Practice Characterization,Policy Attribution,and Improvement Strategies:Take Ningxia for Example

省域城乡师资失衡并不简单地表现为"城市高与农村低"的情况,而是更多地表现为结构性的不平衡。与城市相比,农村表现出"显性"超编与"隐性"缺编、"显性"缺编与"隐性"缺编共存的局面;高学历、高职称教师比例低,低学历、低职称教师比例大的特征;性别结构优于城市,年龄结构劣于城市,学科的结构性短缺更为突出。造成城乡师资失衡的原因主要是关系教师配置、教师需求、政府责任与动力的政策设计缺陷。改进策略包括:建立"省级统筹"分类实施的城乡师资均衡推进政策;建立以教师需求为导向、城乡一体化的教师发展政策;建立保障教师利益表达权的教育基层民主制度;建立教育投入向教师倾斜的激励政策。

Provincial urban and rural teachers＂ imbalance does not show that ＂＇high＂ in city and ＂low＂ in rural areas＂, but more in structural imbalances. Compared to cities, in quantity, rural areas show ＂dominant＂ overstaffing and ＂hidden＂ vacancies, and that ＂ dominant＂ vacancies and ＂hidden＂ vacancies exist together; in quality, rural areas show that the ratio of highly educated and highgrade teacher is low, the ratio of low education and low-title teacher is high; in structure, gender structure is more preferable than city, and age structure is inferior to city, and the structural shortage of teachers is more prominent. Taking teacher as the analysis subject, the reason that leads to imbalance of provincial urban and rural teachers is mainly the policy lack interrelatitag with teachers allocation, the requirement of teachers, responsibility and power of government. Improvement strategies include that the policy that provincial government is responsible for the implementation of balanced policy of urban and rural teachers base on classification; the establishment of teacher-oriented policy that make urban teachers and rural teachers justly; the establishment of democracy policy to protect the interests of teachers; the establishment of incentive policy to make educational investment sliding into teachers.