不要把公民权利关在学校门外——美国中小学学生权利研究

Do Not Shed the Constitutional Rights at the Schoolhouse Gate:Study on the Rights of American K-12 Students

合理而清晰地界定中小学学生权利,是解决教育系统中学生发展和教育权威顾此失彼的两难问题的关键。美国于20世纪60至70年代在保障学生权利方面取得重大进步,并逐渐形成成熟体系。美国中小学学生权利包括:受教育和学习的权利、自由表达的权利、平等权、人身安全及隐私权。学生权利的界限处于不断变动之中,20世纪90年代以来,其总的变化趋势是学生的言论自由权受到更严格的限制,而受教育权、隐私权和平等权则受到更多保障。

To reasonably and clearly define the rights of students is the key to strike a better balance between students＂ autonomy of individual development and the imposing of educational authority. America has made great improvements in protecting the fights of k-12 students in 1960s and 1970s and has formed a sound system. The rights of k-12 students mainly consist of the fights to education and learning, fights to free expression, right to equality, and fights to security and privacy. The boundaries of the rights of students are changing. Since the 1990s, the overall trend is that the student＇s fight to freedom of expression is seriously restricted, and the fights to education, privacy and equality are getting more protection.