论严格责任原则的合理性基础

The Rational Foundation of Strict Liability

我国侵权责任法确立了严格责任原则,因此,架构严格责任原则存在的合理性基础是一项重要的理论课题。从历史维度看,经历了从结果责任和过错责任阶段后,严格责任产生于社会生产力飞速发展的十九世纪末二十世纪初。从价值维度看,由过错责任到严格责任的制度变化从本质上来讲,正是由矫正正义向分配正义嬗变的结果。从人性维度看,人性具有"恶"与"善"两个方面,人性之"恶"构成过错责任原则的人性论基础,而人性之"善"是严格责任原则的人性论基础。

The tort liability law in our country establishes the principle of strict liability, therefore, constructing the rational foundation of strict liability is an important theoretical subject. From the historical dimension, after the stages of the consequence liability and the fault liability, strict liability emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century when the social productive forces developed rapidly. From the dimension of value, the institutional change from fault liability to strict liability is the result of the evolution from the compensatory justice to the distributive justice. From the dimension of human nature, human nature has two aspects of ＂evil＂ and ＂good＂. the nature of ＂evil＂ constitutes the basis of the principle of fault liability while the nature of the ＂good＂ constitutes the basis of the Drincinle of strict liability in human nature.