栽参土壤提取物活性组分筛选及其对人参幼苗生理效应研究

Study on Screening of Active Constituents from Extracts on Soil Cultivated Ginseng and Their Effects on Physiology of Ginseng Seedling

研究了栽参土壤水提取液用不同化学试剂(乙酸乙酯、水饱和正丁醇)萃取和直接采用不同化学试剂(乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、甲醇和蒸馏水)提取,对所得各个组分以人参种子为试材进行生物活性测定,经筛选所得活性较强组分再以人参幼苗为试材进行其根系活力和丙二醛含量测定。结果表明:栽参土壤提取液不同组分均对人参种子胚根生长有不同程度的影响,抑制作用随浓度逐渐增加而增强,其中生物活性较强的组分为栽参土壤水提取液乙酸乙酯萃取相和栽参土壤乙酸乙酯提取组分,两个组分对幼苗根系活力和丙二醛含量都产生显著性影响,在培养96h后,丙二醛含量分别增加23.8%、37.5%,与对照达极显著差异(P<0.01),根系活力分别下降17.2%、27.1%,极显著低于对照(P<0.01)。由此可知,用乙酸乙酯提取栽参土壤可有效获得部分人参化感物质,其可促进人参幼苗根细胞膜质过氧化作用,使膜透性增加,降低人参幼苗根系活力,影响其生长发育。

Two methods were applied in the study that used different chemical reagents （Ethyl acetate, Water-saturated N-butanol） to extract aquatic extracts from cultivated ginseng soil and directly used different chemical reagents （Ethyl acetate, N-butanol, Methanol, Distilled water） to extract cultivated ginseng soil. Activity of each constituent was determined with ginseng seeds. Root vigor and MDA content of ginseng seedling was determined after treated with higher activity constituents. The results showed that each constituent of extracts from cultivated ginseng soil had effects on radicles growth of ginseng seeds in various degree, and inhibited effects were strengthened with concentration increasing. Both ethyl acetate phase of aquatic extracts and ethyl acetate extracts from cultivated ginseng soil manifested stronger inhibited effects, and both constituents had significant effects on root vigor and MDA content of ginseng seedling. The content of MDA increased 23.8% and 37.5%, respectively, which was dramatically different from that of control（P〈0.01）. The root vigor decreased 17.2% and 27.1%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of control （P〈0.01）. Thus, it is an effective approach that we extract cultivated ginseng soil with ethyl acetate to gain a part of ginseng allelochemicals, which could promote root cell membrane lipid peroxidation and increase membrane permeability, and reduce root activity of ginseng seedling and influence its growth and development.