一党体制衰落的制度探源——文献述评与框架建构

The Institutional Origins of One-Party Regimes's Collapse——Review and Reconstruction

20世纪后期以来,一党体制衰落的三波浪潮为比较政治学提出了难题:为什么那些长期执政的政党最终走向分化、衰落乃至垮台?既有研究注重从政党内部因素、外部环境、结构主义以及精英主义的视角加以解释。这些理论无法澄清一党体制的兴起与衰落的不同原因,也无法解释面临相似挑战的一党体制的命运差异。实践证明,政党制度建设及政党适应性是决定政党生命力的关键所在。

Since the end of 20th century, the three waves of one - party regimes＇ s collapse pose puz- zles to comparative political researchers： why those governing parties long -term eventually devided, de- cline or breakdown？ The literatures pay more attention on the parties＇ inner stucture, outside factors, structuralism and elitelism, but those theories cannot distinguish the reasons for the rise and fall of one - party regimes, and cannot explain why the analogic challenges faced by the ruling parties cause different outcomes. The paper holds that party institutionalization and party adaptation are the key to the life of rul- ing parties.