千年桐种子油提取工艺研究及其主要脂肪酸成分分析

Extraction of Aleurites montana Seed Oil and Analysis of Its Fatty Acids

本文以氯仿、石油醚和正己烷-异丙醇(3∶2,v/v)三种不同溶剂对千年桐种子油进行提取,比较了不同溶剂对种子出油率的影响,结果表明以氯仿为溶剂时出油率最高,达到了35%;并考查了提取时间和提取溶剂体积对出油率的影响。最终优化的提取工艺为:以氯仿为溶剂,液料比为12∶1(v/w),提取时间6 h,出油率达到了37%。提取的种子油经转酯化后,GC-MS分析其主要脂肪酸组分,结果表明千年桐种子油中总脂肪酸占总油酯的90.55%,其中棕榈酸3.87%,硬脂酸4.11%,亚油酸12.15%,油酸13.31%,亚麻酸12.09%,共轭亚麻酸51.20%和EPA(二十碳五烯酸)3.30%。千年桐种子油中富含不饱和脂肪酸,是一种良好的干性油。

Aleurites montana oil was extracted using three different solvents of chloroform,petroleum ether,and hexane-isopropanol（3 ∶2,v/v）The results showed chloroform was the most efficient solvent.The effects of extraction time and solvent volume on the seed oil yield were studied.The maximum oil yield（37%） was achieved with a ratio 12 ∶1（v/w） of chloroform to seed kernel for 6 h extraction time.After transesterification of the seed oil,its major fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC-MS.The total fatty acids content was up to 90.55%,including 3.87% palmitic acid,4.11% stearic acid,12.15% linoleic acid,13.31% oleic acid,12.09% linolenic acid,51.20% conjugated linolenic acid,and 3.30% EPA（eicosapentaenoic acid）.Aleurites montana oil was an excellent drying oil that is rich in unsaturated fatty acids.