2009年塔里木盆地总悬浮颗粒物时空分布及无机离子浓度特征分析

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Inorganic Ion Concentration of Total Suspended Particles in Tarim Basin in 2009

利用2009年塔里木盆地的塔中、铁干里克、喀什和民丰4个观测站采集的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)观测资料,同时结合水溶性无机离子成分分析,研究了塔里木盆地TSP时空分布特征及无机离子浓度特征。结果表明:①塔中、铁干里克、喀什和民丰观测站TSP月平均质量浓度具有相同的变化趋势,峰值区都在4—5月,而低值区为11—12月,季平均质量浓度变化趋势为春季最高,夏季和秋季次之,冬季最低。②TSP中水溶性无机离子年均总离子浓度为塔中>铁干里克>民丰>喀什;SO24-浓度分别为总离子浓度的58%、50%、54%和51%;Ca2+浓度分别为总离子浓度的13%、16%、16%和11%;Na+浓度分别为总离子浓度的12%、13%、10%和12%;Cl-浓度分别为总离子浓度的12%、16%、11%和22%;所以硫酸盐、钙盐、钠盐及氯离子是塔里木盆地TSP中主要无机成分。③铁干里克、民丰、喀什和塔中的阴阳离子相关系数分别为0.99、0.99、0.25和0.91;阴离子平均浓度分别为阳离子平均浓度的2.57、2.12、2.15倍和3.02倍,说明4个观测站的阴阳离子都不平衡。④4个观测站SO24-/NO3-比值远大于燃煤排放的SO24-/NO3-的比值,所以4个观测站所在地区的固定排放源对大气环境的影响程度远大于移动排放源。

The spatial and temporal distribution of TSP and its inorganic ion concentration in the Tarim Basin were analyzed based on observation data of total suspended particle（TSP） in four typical observation stations in 2009,and analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions in TSP.Some results are obtained as follows：（1） The variation trends of monthly average TSP concentration in the four regions are almost the same,with peak values in April and May and with valley values in November and December.Its seasonal variation shows the highest value in spring,followed by summer,autumn,and winter in order.（2） The annual average concentration of total water-soluble inorganic ions in TSP in these four regions follows an order of that in Tazhongin Tikanlikin Minfengin Kashgar.In detail,the SO2-4 concentrations are 58%,50%,54% and 51%;the Ca2＋ concentrations are 13%,16%,16% and 11%;the Na＋ concentrations are 12%,13%,10% and 12%;and the Cl-concentrations are 12%,16%,11% and 22% of total ion concentration,respectively.Therefore,sulfate,calcium,sodium and chloride ions are the main inorganic components of TSP in the Tarim Basin;（3） The correlation coefficients between anions and cations in Tikanlik,Minfeng,Kashgar and Tazhong are 0.99,0.99,0.25 and 0.91,respectively;the average concentrations of anions are 2.57,2.12,2.15 and 3.02 times of cations,indicating that anions and cations are unbalanced in the observation stations.（4） The SO2-4/NO-3 ratios in the observation stations are much larger than the SO2-4/NO-3 ratio of coal-fired emission,so the impact of fixed emission sources is far severe than the mobile emission sources in the study regions.