忧患意识与“三不朽”境界的追求——兼论中国古代士大夫的人格特征

The Sense of Urgency and the Pursuit of "Three-Immortal" ——on the Personalities of the Ancient Chinese Scholars-Bureaucrats

忧患意识是中国古代士大夫的优秀品质,是中华民族的宝贵精神财富。根据中国古代文化的演进节奏,先秦士大夫忧患意识的重点是忧道,强调立德的要求;汉唐宋士大夫忧患意识的重点是忧君,强调立功的要求;明清士大夫忧患意识的重点是忧天下,以立言的形式强调变革的要求。中国古代士大夫的忧患意识及其立德、立功、立言"三不朽"境界的追求,是中国历史发展和文化创新的重要精神驱力。继承和发扬中国古代士大夫的忧患意识,具有重要的现实意义。

the sense of urgency is a merit of ancient Chinese scholars - bureaucrats and is the precious spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation. According to the evolution of ancient Chinese culture, the sense of urgency in the Pre - Qin Dynasty fo- cused on the concern about morality, emphasizing the pursuit of virtues; in the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, the key point was the concern about emperors, emphasizing the need to make contributions; While the Ming and Qing Dynasties fo- cused on worry about all Chinese, emphasizing the demand for reform in writing books. The concern over morality, the na- tion and its people, inherited and developed by ancient Chinese scholars - bureaucrats over the thousand - year - long course of history, has been a vital spiritual drive for China＇ s historical development. Inheriting and exalting the sense of ur- gency of ancient Chinese scholars - bureaucrats has realistic significance.