有氧间歇训练对肥胖青少年心脏功能和体适能的影响

Effects of aerobic interval training on cardiac function and physical fitness in obese teenagers

目的:探讨8周有氧间歇训练对肥胖青少年心脏功能和体适能的影响,为肥胖青少年制定特异性的运动处方提供依据。方法:40名男性肥胖青少年(BMI≥25)随机分为对照组和运动组,每组各20名。运动组受试者进行每周2次、每次持续50～60min、共8周的有氧间歇训练,对照组受试者保持日常生活习惯不变。试验前后分别测定2组受试者安静心率(RHR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、最大摄氧量(VO2max)及体脂百分比;采用超声心动仪检测所有受试者左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、每搏输出量(SV)、心输出量(CO)、缩短分数(FS)和左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果:试验前2组受试者各指标比较差异均无统计学意义。试验后组内比较,运动组受试者体脂百分比、RHR和SBP较试验前下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),VO2max升高(P<0.01),心功能参数LVEDV、SV、LVEF和FS较试验前升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),CO试验前后差异无统计学意义;对照组受试者试验前后各指标比较差异均无统计学意义。试验后组间比较,运动组受试者体脂百分比、RHR和SBP均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);VO2max、LVEDV、SV、LVEF和FS均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:有氧间歇训练可改善肥胖青少年心脏功能并提高其体适能水平。

Objective To explore the effects of 8-week aerobic interval training on cardiac function and physical fitness in obese teenagers and to provide evidence for formulating special exercise prescription for obse teenagers.Methods Forty male obese teenagers（BMI ≥ 25） were randomly divided into control group（n=20） and exercise group（n=20）.People in exercise group conducted a 8-week（twice per week,50-60 min per session） aerobic interval training and people in control group maintained their routine lifestyle.The heart rate（RHR）,systolic blood pressure（SBP）,diastolic blood pressure（DBP）,maximal oxygen uptake（VO2max）,percentage of body fat and cardiac function parameters including left ventricular end-systolic volume（LVESV）,left ventricular end-diastolic volume（LVEDV）,stroke volume（SV）,cardiac output（CO）,fractional shortening（FS） and left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） were determined by echocardiography before and after the intervention in two groups.Results There were no significantly differences of indicators between two groups before test.After test,the percentage of body fat,RHR and SBP in exercise group were decreased（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）;VO2max was increased（P〈0.01）;the LVEDV,SV,LVEF and FS were elevated（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） and CO had no significant difference compared with before test;but the indexes in control group showed no significant changes.The percentage of body fat,RHR and SBP in exercise group after test were lower than those in control group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）;VO2max,LVEDV,SV,LVEF and FS were higher than those in control group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.Conclusion Aerobic interval training may improve cardiac function and physical fitness in obese teenagers.