基于海底黑烟囱的海洋温差发电热力循环系统研究

Study of thermodynamic cycle of OTEC based on black smoker chimney

与传统的海洋温差发电系统不同,海底黑烟囱海洋温差发电系统是以海洋地热为热源,以深海冷水为冷源的发电系统。文章分别分析和计算了以水蒸气为工质的开式系统和以纯氨为工质的闭式系统的循环热效率、换热器负荷、泵耗以及循环净功等相关参数。结果表明,与以纯氨为工质的闭式系统相比,开式系统的热水泵功耗过大,降低高温海水的温度和提高闪蒸压力对开式系统是不利的;以水蒸气为动力循环工质有利于降低换热器的负荷,这对换热器的设计是十分有利的。

The OTEC system of the paper studying is different from the traditional OTEC system, which takes the marine geothermal energy （black smoker chimney） as the heat source, takes cold water of deep sea as the cold source. The paper analyzes and calculates some parameters of open-system which uses water vapor as the working fluid and the close-system which uses pure ammonia as the working fluid, such as thermal efficiency, heat load of condenser and evaporator, pump power, and the system net power. The results show that： comparing with the close-system which uses pure ammonia as the working fluid, the high power of hot water pump is the key problem for the open-system, as well as reducing the temperature of hot water and increasing the flash evaporation pressure are disadvantageous ; but water vapor as the working fluid helps reducing the load of condenser and evaporator, which is very advantageous for heat exchanger design.