海德格尔后期对主体中心论的批判与后现代转向

Heidegger's criticism on subject-centralism and his postmodern turn in his later period

后期海德格尔批判了现代主义主体中心论形而上学人道主义,认为一切人道主义都是形而上学的;这种主客二分的形而上学离开了物道、天道,人道主义成了虚无主义,导致了世界的各种危机;现代主义形而上学的主要问题在于对存在的遗忘;对存在的遗忘就不能处理好人道、世道、物道、天道之间的关系;要超越主体中心论形而上学就要首先恢复人的原本含义,正确看待人在世界中的位置,把人看作是天、地、神、人四元之一,平等地对待世界的各种存在者,按四元要素的整体统一关联原则出发进行筑造和栖居,从而拯救世界,达到天、地、神、人和谐诗意栖居的理想状态。海德格尔对人道主义的批判具有积极意义,同时在逻辑上出现了悖论,否定了人的主观能动性,世界就可能回到蛮荒之原始状态。

In his later period, Heidegger criticized the metaphysical humanism of the modernist subject centralism by arguing for the following points： all forms of humanism are metaphysical＇ since this subject-object dimidiate metaphysics is divorced from the way of Thing and that of Heaven, humanism is due to turn into nihilism, resulting in various crises in the world; the main problem of modernist metaphysics is its negligence of existence; the negligence of existence surly leads to improper treat- ment of relationships between the Way of Man, Life, Thing and Heaven; to surpass the subject cen- tralist metaphysics, what should be done is, firstly, to restore the born meaning of Man and to treat the position of Man in the world correctly, taking Man as a member of the; unity of four, the other three of which are Heaven, Terra and God, and secondly, to treat all the existents in the world equal- ly so as to construct and inhabit the world in the principle of holistic unity relating the four members, thereby salvaging the world and reaching the ideal state of harmonious and poetic inhabitation of Heaven, Terra, Man and God. Heidegger＇s criticism of humanism is of positive significance, of course, while, at the same time, antilogy appears in that when the subjective activity of Man is de- nied, the world is doomed to go back to the primitive age of barbarity.