乙肝病毒家庭内传播情况调查

Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Among Family Members and Effects of Immunoprophylaxis on Offspring of Chronic Carriers

乙型肝炎病毒感染是全球性的健康问题,其传播途径各个国家及地区存在差异.通过对543位慢性HBV感染者的调查分析,家庭中女性慢性HBV感染者其子女在无任何免疫预防干预下感染后慢性化的几率76.0%;男性慢性HBV感染者其子女感染HBV后慢性化的几率达22.5%;夫妻之间HBV感染的结局是以形成保护性抗体为主,调查的543对夫妻中,夫妻双方均为HBsAg阳性的有50对,达9.2%;HBV在夫妻之间的传播的特点是丈夫感染HBV后更容易慢性化:妻子为慢性HBV感染者,其丈夫被感染后慢性化的几率为13.8%(27/196);而丈夫为慢性HBV感染者的家庭中,其妻子被感染后慢性化的几率为7.1%(23/322),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.146,P=0.013);除母婴传播外,乙肝病毒在夫妻、父亲和子女、孩子之间以及其他家庭接触性传播也很重要.

Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection remains a serious global health problem. The transmission route of HBV may different among countries. 543 chronic HBV carriers were investigated, HBsAg positivity among offspring from female carriers was 76.0% and 22.5% from that of male carriers. Most of the infection between husbands and wives resulted in generation of protective antibody. 50 out of 543 couples （9.2%） were both positive on HBsAg. Husbands were more susceptible to becoming chronic carriers than wives when infected by their spouses. The prevalence of chronic infection in husbands of infected wives was 13.8%, while that in wives of infected husbands was 7.1% （x2=6.146, P=0.013）. Horizontal transmission among family members is also important, such as the relationship between husband-wife, father-child, child-child, as well as other household contacts.