中国近海文蛤属(双壳纲,帘蛤科)的系统分类学研究

TAXONOMIC STUDY ON MERETRIX(BIVALVIA,VENERIDAE) FROM CHINA SEAS

长期以来,我国的文蛤分类存在着严重的问题和混乱现象,它已影响和制约了我国文蛤的水产养殖和遗传育种等相关研究。利用比较形态学和分子生物学技术,对我国沿海分布的文蛤属进行了系统的分类学研究,澄清了混淆种,修订了物种名称,确立了我国沿海文蛤的分类地位,对文蛤属的分类系统进行分子重建。结果表明短文蛤和丽文蛤为近缘种先聚到一起,然后与斧文蛤聚到一起,而琴文蛤、文蛤与该属其它 3 种文蛤的分歧时间较早。研究结果将为文蛤的分类研究、遗传育种、资源保护和利用提供科学依据。

The mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences were employed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among 11 Nassarius species distributed in 6 subgenera.Results show that pairwise intra-specific distances range from 0.000-0.007,while pairwise inter-specific distances range from 0.019-0.088.No overlap is found between pairwise intra-and interspecific distances.It is indicated that the 16S rRNA gene can be used to infer the inter-specific relationship among Nassarius species.However,the morphologically similar subgenera cannot be discriminated by the 16S rRNA gene because of the overlaps between pairwise intra-subgenus distances（0.018-0.031） and intersubgenus distances（0.028-0.083）.Based on the morphological features and the present molecular analysis,the validity of Nassarius（Zeuxis） canaliculatum is confirmed and it is not the synonym of similar species Nassarius（Zeuxis） siquijorensis.T he present study also indicates that,based on the present dataset,Nassarius（Hima） festivus might belong to the subgenus Hima and the validity of the monotypic subgenus Varicinassa is supported.