不同成矿条件下黄铜矿微生物浸出研究概况

Review on Bioleaching of Chalcopyrite with Different Mineralization

研究了中国不同地质成因铜矿床的黄铜矿微生物浸出。中国铜矿床的类型主要有铜镍硫化物矿床、斑岩型铜矿床、矽卡岩型铜矿床、火山岩型铜矿床和沉积岩型铜矿床。在大量查阅文献资料和自己试验研究的基础上,对不同成矿条件下的黄铜矿微生物浸出研究进行了综述,并且针对不同类型铜矿中黄铜矿的微生物浸出研究现状,将其浸出行为与地质成矿成因相联系。黄铜矿的微生物浸出本质是一个电化学腐蚀过程,因此浸出体系的电位以及矿样中黄铜矿的嵌布特征对浸出至关重要。研究表明:对于铜镍硫化物而言,在浸出过程中发生原电池反应,镍黄铁矿优先浸出,而黄铜矿被阴极保护,但是提高温度对黄铜矿浸出速率有显著影响。斑岩型铜矿的黄铜矿最难以浸出,矽卡岩型由于与斑岩型地质成因相似,因此与其具有相似的浸出行为。海相火山岩型铜矿的黄铜矿最易浸出。此外,还探讨了不同成矿条件下黄铜矿浸出差异与晶体结构和铜、铁的分部价态存在着一定的关系,确定不同成矿条件与黄铜矿中铜、铁的价态之间的联系将有助于浸出机制的进一步研究。

The bioleaching of chalcopyrite from different geological genesis of copper deposits in China was summarized. There were five kinds of deposit in China, such as Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, porphyry copper deposit, skarn type deposit, volcanic type copper depos- it and sedimentary deposit. Based on literature investigation and experimental study, a review of chalcopyrite bioleaching, and associ- ates characteristics of chalcopyrite bioleaching with geological genesis was presented. The nature of chalcopyrite bioleaching was elec- trochemical reaction, in which potential of solution and chalcopyrite distribution in mineral played an important role in bioleaching. The results showed that penflandite was preferential dissolved due to galvanic interaction in Cu-Ni sulfide deposit bioleaching, and tempera- ture had a significant effect on its dissolved. Chalcopyrite from porphyry copper deposit was the most difficult to leach, while the marine volcanic type was the easiest. The leaching behavior of skarn and porphyry type was similar, because they had a similar geological gen- esis. In addition, it was found that the crystal structure and Cu, Fe valence state were related to the different bioleaching behavior of these five type deposits. Moreover, it shouold be further studied on the relationship of mineralization and Cu, Fe valence state and its bioleaching.