盐胁迫对16种幼苗渗透调节物质的影响

Effect of Salt Stress on Osmotic Adjustment Substances in Plants

采用盆栽的方法,对16种2年生幼苗盐(NaCl)胁迫40 d,并进行耐盐性研究。结果表明:随盐浓度的升高,各树种的脯氨酸、可溶性糖和甜菜碱含量均呈上升趋势,在400 mmol·L-1盐浓度下,沙枣和水蜡的脯氨酸含量比对照分别增加了662.0%和562.8%,而可溶性蛋白含量在各树种间差异较大;Na+和Cl-含量在不同部位(根、茎和叶)均随盐浓度增加而增加,鞑靼忍冬、药鼠李、风箱树和醉鱼草叶片中Na+含量增加了5 20倍。K+和Ca2+含量随树种不同表现各异。综合各树种盐害症状和渗透调节物质变化特性,认为柽柳、唐古特白刺、西伯利亚白刺、卫矛和沙柳具有高度耐盐性,水蜡、沙枣、糖朴、美国皂荚和药鼠李具有中高度耐盐性,杜梨、竹柳、鞑靼忍冬、醉鱼草、风箱树和美国白蜡具有中度耐盐性。脯氨酸、可溶性糖和矿质元素含量(尤其是Na+、K+和Cl-)的变化对植物耐盐能力的影响较普遍也较大。

Two-year-old seedlings of 16 tree species were grown in pots and treated with salt（NaCl）.After 40 days of salinity treatments,the effect of salt stress was studied.The results showed that with the increase of salinity concentration,the contents of proline,soluble sugar and betain increased among all trees.At 400 mmol·L^-1 of salt concentration,the proline contents of Elaeagnus angustifolia L.and Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb.increased by 662.0% and 562.8% respectively compared with that of the control.There was great difference in soluble protein contents among the trees.The Na＋ and Cl-contents increased with the increase of salinity concentration in roots,stems and leaves.The Na＋ contents in the leaves of Lonicera tatarica L.,Rhamnus cathartica L.,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.and Buddleja lindleyana Fort.were 5 to 20 times that of the control.The K^＋ and Ca^2＋ contents were difference among tree species.Base on the symptom of salt stress and variation characteristics of osmotic adjustment substances it indicates that Tamarix chinensis Lour.,Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.,Nitraria sibirica Pall.,Euonymus alatus（Thunb.）Sieb.and Salix psammophila are high salt-tolerance,.Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb.,Elaeagnus angustifolia L.,Celtis laevigata Willd.,Gleditsia triacanthos L.and Rhamnus cathartica L.are intermediately salt-tolerance.Pvrus betulaefolia Bunge,Salix（Zhu Liu）,Lonicera tatarica L.,Buddleja lindleyana Fort.,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.and Fraxinus americana L.are moderately salt-tolerance.The changes of proline,soluble sugar and mineral elements（especially Na^＋,K^＋,Cl^-） on the salt tolerance of plants are more common and greater.