黑龙江大小兴安岭红皮云杉种群更新与遗传多样性的研究

Population Regeneration and Genetic Diversity of Spruce(Picea koraiensis) in Heilongjiang Eastern Mountain Area

在大、小兴安岭地区12个红皮云杉种源分布区内,分别选取调查样方,进行红皮云杉种群更新研究,同时以12个种源的144个样本为材料,采用RAPD分子标记技术进行遗传多样性研究,在种群更新研究结果的基础上分析其遗传多样性,最终为谷地红皮云杉衰退机制研究提供种群水平及分子水平的相关证据。结果表明:红皮云杉在DNA水平上具有较高的遗传变异,多态位点百分率达到98.81%;红皮云杉种源总的Nei遗传多样性指数(H)为0.363 2,Shannon指数(I)为0.540 5;种源间和种源内遗传分化分别为27.72%和72.28%,12个红皮云杉种源间的基因分化指数Gst=0.277 2,基因流系数Nm为1.304 0;各种源间具有较高水平的遗传一致度,变化范围为0.751 10.948 1。遗传距离聚类分析表明,12个种源可聚为3大类:新青、乌伊岭、红星种源为第1类;五营、友好、美溪、乌马河、带岭、南岔、双丰种源为第2类;蒙克山、塔林为第3类。种群更新数据表明:大兴安岭和小兴安岭新青、乌伊岭、红星种源为进展种群,小兴安岭五营、友好、美溪、乌马河、带岭、南岔、双丰种源为衰退种群,与遗传距离聚类分析结果一致。这一研究结果可为进一步寻找谷地云冷杉林衰退机制提供一定的数据基础,也可为红皮云杉种群遗传多样性的保护以及种群生态恢复提供科学依据。

The survey plots were selected for natural regeneration of Picea koraiensis in the Northeastern part of 12 Picea koraiensis provenances distribution area.In order to reveal the genetic diversity of P.koraiensis,144 samples from 12 provenances were examined by using RAPD markers.Their genetic diversity characteristics were analyzed based on the population regeneration results in this study.The results could provide the evidences in population level and molecular level for the study on the declining mechanism of spruce.The result showed that there were higher genetic variations among the provenances of P.koaiensis at DNA level.The proportion of total polymorphic loci reached 98.81%.Also,Shannon＇s Information Index and Nei＇s Gene Diversity Index were used to estimate the genetic diversities for the provenances of P.koraiensis,the Nei（H） was 0.363 2,the Shannon index（I） was 0.540 5.The genetic differentiations for inter-provenance and intra-provenance were 27.72% and 72.28%,the genetic differentiation index（Gst） among these provenances was 0.277 2,the gene flow coefficient was 1.304 0.It also showed that there was a close relationship among different provenances,varying from 0.804 6 to 0.923 7.On the basis of cluster analysis of genetic distance,12 provenances could be divided into three groups,the first group includes the provenances of Xinqing,Wuyiling and Hongxing;the second includes the provenances of Wuying,Youhao,Meixi,Wumahe,Dailing,Nancha and Shuangfeng;and the last group contains the provenances of Mengkeshan and Talin.Population regeneration data showed that： Daxing＇anling,Xinqing,Wuyiling and Hongxing provenances in Xiaoxing＇anling are progressing populations,Wuying,Youhao,Meixi,Wumahe,Dailing,Nancha and Shuangfeng provenances in Xiaoxing＇anling are declining population,These result can provide a basis to re-allocate the districts for the optimal distribution of P.koraiensis.The results may further provide a data base for the declining mechanism of spruce,and also provide a scientific basis for spruce genetic diversity conservation and ecological restoration.