怒族对漆树利用的民族植物学研究

Ethno-botanical Study on the Utilization of Lacquer Trees of the Nu

漆树是怒江流域的一种重要经济林木,生活在怒江大峡谷中的怒族有悠久的漆树种植历史,漆树的各种产品也是怒族生活中不可缺少的部分。怒族既出售生漆,也用生漆来制作漆器;漆油是怒族的传统食用油,如怒族传统食品"侠辣"就必须用漆油来制作;漆树的树干不仅被怒族用来制作怒族的传统乐器达比亚,也用来建造传统的木楞房,制作猪槽、蜂巢之类的生产生活用具;漆树的根、叶、果是怒族的常用中草药。但是,随着怒族地区社会经济快速的发展,怒族对漆树的种植和漆树产品的利用发生了明显的变化。利用民族植物学对这一问题的研究,不仅可以探寻发展漆树制品的新方法,也对保护怒族传统文化大有裨益。

The lacquer tree （ Toxicodendron vernicifluum} is one of the most important cash forests in Nujiang River Valley. The Nu people in the area have a long history of planting and utilizing lacquer trees. The products are indispensable to the Nu people. Nu people sell raw lacquer and also make lacquer ware with raw lacquer. Lacquer oil is the traditional cooking oil of them, for example, the tra- ditional food Xia La must be cooked with lacquer oil. The lacquer tree trunk is used to build houses, make pig troughs, honeycombs, and the Dabiya, the most important musical instrument of the Nu people. The root, leaf and fruit of the lacquer tree could be used to make Chinese medicine. Chan- ging Nu society is more and more obvious in Northwest Yunnan as the planting of lacquer trees and the utilization of lacquer tree products is not the same as in eras gone by. Through ethno-botanical field- work we could search for a way to economically develop lacquer tree products to benefit and protect traditional Nu culture.