论《说文解字》对两汉方言学的吸收与改造

Inheritance and Improvement: Kinship between Exegesis of Shuowen and Dialect

《说文》训释源自对先秦两汉训诂传统的继承,许慎全面吸收了汉代小学家、经学家的训释成果,其中包括对两汉方言学的继承与改造。具体而言,《说文》大量的词义训释直接取自扬雄《方言》,并从中吸收了训释优化的思路。在继承的同时,《说文》根据自身性质对《方言》进行改造。此外,《说文》对两汉方言学的其他成果也进行了广泛吸收。通过对两汉方言学的继承与改造,《说文》实现了对训诂传统的扬弃与优化。

Shuowen inherited the exegesis tradition of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. Xu Shen absorbed the achievements of philologists and Yang Xiong＇ Dialect which becomes one of the typical resources. A large number of exegeses in Shuowen were taken directly from Dialect. Meanwhile, according to its own nature, modification was also made to Dialect. By inheriting and reforming Dialect, Shuowen improved and optimized exegesis traditions.