气象探测环境现状及保护措施的探讨

Discussion on current situation of meteorological observational environment and its protection measurements

良好的气象探测环境,才能获取优质的气象探测信息。近几十年来,城市化带来的城市建筑面积猛增和城市建设用地增加,致使气象探测环境频频遭受破坏,严重影响了气象探测资料的准确性、代表性和比较性,必须引起高度重视。简述了气象探测环境保护要求的历史沿革和法律依据。以实例分析了气象探测环境保护面临的严峻形势。结果表明:统计得出气象探测环境遭破坏,主要由于周围建筑物超过《气象探测环境和设施保护办法》限制的高度,其原因来自于气象部门外部和内部两个方面,国家经济社会快速发展和当地政府的土地开发利益使得房地产建设迅猛发展;气象部门内部的办公、业务用房建设标准以及气象观测站新站址选择模式,使得选址困难和频繁被迁站。有针对性地提出,保护气象探测环境应从气象部门内部和外部两个方面入手,气象部门内部需要确立气象探测环境保护标准的科学性、严谨性,建立气象探测环境的分类保护机制;依法保护气象探测环境的同时充分应用行政干预;顺应国家经济社会的发展形势,周全应对气象探测环境保护问题;对被迫搬迁的气象观测站,选择新址时应将探测环境保护需求放在首位;同时新站址的建设布局可以采用多种模式。

The accurate meteorological observational information could be obtained only through the good meteorological observational environment. The increasing of urban building areas and the field for urban construction caused by the urbanization made the meteorological observing environment destroyed frequently, and its effects on accuracy, representation and comparison of meteorological observational data were serious. Thus, it should be paid more attention to. The historical evolution and the legal basis for protecting the meteorological observational environment were reviewed, and the current situation was analyzed by using a case study. According to the statistical data, the height of buildings around the meteorological observational sites exceeds the standard height from the law of ＂protection method of meteorological observational environment and equipment＂, which was the main reason destroying the meteorological observational environment. The sources of reasons could be attributed to two parts, i. e. inside one and outside one. The real estate construction was rapidly expanding because of the rapid development of economy and society and the interests of the local government,and these were the outside reason. On the other hand, the construction standard of office building and the new station selection model in the meteorological depart- ments made the selection of the new station location difficult and also made weather station moved frequently, and these were the inside reason. Some specific measurements protecting meteorological observational environment were proposed as follows： scientificity and preciseness of meteorological observational environment protection standard should be established in the meteorological department, and the protection mechanism based on classification of meteorological observational environment should be set up;protecting the meteorological observational environment by the corresponding law and adequate administrative intervention should be used;go with the trend of national socio-economic development and handle comprehensively problems of the meteorological observational environment protection ;For the station that must be moved, the meteorological observational environment protection should be the first as selecting new station locations. At the same time, the various patterns may be used to the construction layout of a new station.